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Signal Modulation Schemes
Analog Signal
Analog Data
- Amplitude Modulation (AM)
- Frequency Modulation (FM)
- Phase Modulation (PM)
Digital Data
- Phase Shift Keying (PSK)
- Binary PSK (BPSK)
- Quadrature PSK (QPSK)
- 8PSK
- 16PSK
- Differential PSK (DPSK)
- Differential QPSK (DQPSK)
- Offset QPSK (OQPSK)
- \(\pi/4\) QPSK
- Frequency Shift Keying (FSK)
- Audio Frequency Shift Keying (AFSK)
- Multi-Frequency Shift Keying (MFSK)
- Dual-tone Multi-Frequency (DTMF)
- Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK)
- On-off Keying (OOK)
- Continuous Phase Modulation (CPM)
- Minimum Shift Keying (MSK)
- Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying (GMSK)
- Continuous Phase Frequency Shift Keying (CPFSK)
- Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM)
- Discrete Multitone (DMT)
-
Trellis Coded Modulation (TCM)
-
- Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) (A combination of PSK and ASK)
- Polar Modulation
- Wavelet Modulation / Fractal Modulation
- Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) (A combination of PSK and ASK)
-
Spread Spectrum Modulation Techniques
- Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS)
- Chirp Spread Spectrum (CSS)
- Frequency-Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS)
- Time-Hopping Spread Spectrum (THSS)
Digital Signal
Analog Data
- Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM)
- Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)
- Pulse Phase Modulation (PPM)
Digital Data
- Pulse Code Modulation (PCM)
Images
ASK vs FSK vs PSK of a digital stream
Niche Use Cases
Satellites
These schemes are developed for satellites.
They use analog signals to carry digital data.
Note
Synthesized BOC (SBOC) is used in NavIC satellites.
Similarly,
- Composite BOC (CBOC) is used in Galileo
- Time-Multiplexed BOC (TMBOC) is used in GPS L1C
- Binary Offset Carrier (BOC) / Split-Spectrum Modulation
- Sine BOC (sinBOC)
- Cosine BOC (cosBOC)
- Alternate BOC (altBOC)
- Double BOC (DBOC)
- Multiplexed BOC (MBOC)
- Composite BOC (CBOC)
- Time-multiplexed BOC (TMBOC)
- Synthesized BOC (SBOC)
Notes
Binary Offset Carrier
See the Wikipedia page: Binary Offset Carrier | Wikipedia
Multiplexed BOC
Multiplexed BOC combines a sinBOC(1,1) signal with a sinBOC(6,1) signal, via either of CBOC or TMBOC Implemenation.
Synthesized BOC
Synthesized BOC Modulation Scheme is a non-linear combining method to generate constant envelope composite signal with MBOC (6,1,1/11) PSD.
It's performance is similar to CBOC and TMBOC
(Source: PowerPoint Presentation | unoosa.org)